What is Patent? and Types

What is a Patent?

Patents are the rights given over invention. Those inventions are regarded as a "Patent", and act as legal protection for inventors. However, the patents are for the benefit of society by providing public access for technical information. The patents can be granted in any field of technology from small kitchen utensils to micro chips. The invention can be chemical compound or process or specific chemical compound. For example one product can have many inventions in laptop such as microchip, software, hardware parts, and other thousand of inventions working togther.

What is patent is necessary to protect inventions?

The patent onwer enjoy exclusive ownership right to stop from other exploiting the invention from a limited period of time in a particular country or region where patent is granted. In simple terms, invention made by owners cannot be used without owners consent. If anyone found to be using patented invention without consent, thus the owner can seek the infringemnet and sought remedies from court. 

Why you need to protect inventions with patent? 

Patent owner receive's right to prevent others from exploiting the patented invention for a limited time period within the country or a region in which the patent is granted. In a nutshell, the invention cannot be commercially made, imported, sold trade, distributed by others without having the consent of patent owner's. If any third party do such a without the consent of patent owner, the patent owner can seek remedies for patent infringement. 

How to protect patent in several countries with single application?

The Patent Cooperation Treaty helps applicants seeking protection internalionally, and patent offices grant decisions, provide abundance of knowlegde to information for public access relating to inventions. With one international application you avail proetction with large number of countries.

How to protect inventions through patents? 

To obtain patent, the application of patent must be filled within a national or a regional intellectual property office. This process have several steps such as filling patent application, disclosure of information, cost, objection to patent, search for patent, examination fees, and final grant of patent. 

One invention can be protected in multiple countries depending on financial capacity of inventors. 

Types of Patent

A. Utility patent: patent is issued for protection to people who invented new process or process or something useful of article of manufacture, machine or composition of matters. Utility patent is granted for 20 years from the date of filing. 

B. Design Patents : the patent is issued for new, original and ornamental designs of manufactured products. The design patent is granted for 15 years from the date of application. 

C. Plant Patents :  The plant patent is issued whoever produce, discover and invent a new plant which is capable of reproduction. The patent is granted for 20 years from the date of filing.

Examples of patent 

Steve Job was the first who applied for personal computer patent in 1980. 

King C Gillette patented the razor in 1904. 

Farnsworth had created first electric television and patent was issued in 1930. 

Telephone, dishwasher, light bulb,  personal computer, Google medical response drone, and Disney human action robots are the historic examples of patented inventions.

What is the cost of filing for patent? 

Generally the patent cost according to the type of patent applied for and is based on various factors such type of applicant, provisional or non provisional status, filling fees,  search fees, examination fees, post allowance fees, cost of patent agent or attorney. The total cost for patent filling may range between USD 5000 to USD 45000 or more. 

Term of a patent. The utility and plant patents are granted for the period of 20 years from the date of filing. While the design patent only last for 15 years from the date of filing.

How to become Judge in India?

This article outlines the detail details of how to become a Judge in India. 

Many young professional is esteemed to become a Judge once in a lifetime. The law aspirant desires to become a one day Judge as it offers a very prestigious and reputable. Judge is a person who presides in the court and listen to both the defendants and plaintiffs. After hearing both facts and evidences, Judge proceed with verdict. Once the judgment is passed by Judges, the decision is binding on both sides. However parties can appeal to higher authority if unsatisfied with decision.

What work judge do in actual? 

Primarily, the foremost duty of Judge to make sure conduct of court proceedings in fair manner in accordance with law. Along with this Judge has to interpret laws, look over evidences, pass order or Judgments, decision, and delivering final Judgments or sentences.

The burden rely on Judge to make maintenance of law and order in courtroom, trials and solve dispute between the parties. 

Step by Step guide to become a Judge in India.

1. Get a bachelors degree

To become a Judge aspirants need to have bachelor degree from recognised university from UGC. 

Enroll in law school enter either  into 3 years or 5 years course. 

Some reputated college National Law school conduct law entrance test such as CLAT. (Common Law Admission Test).

Candidates appearing for Judge need to complete LLB degree.

2. Judicial Service Examination 

 Candidates appearing for Judicial Service Examination conducted by respective State Public Service Comission or High Court of the State. The exam is conducted for the post of Civil Judge in State. The Judiciary exam includes preliminary and mains written exams followed by interview. Mostly, the preliminary is objective type questions and mains exam has descriptive writing questions. 

Candidates who qualify for preliminary exam are called for mains exam, and who cleared both prelims and mains are called for interview. 

Eligibility criteria.

The aspirant must be within the age bracket of 21-35 years and completed 3 years or 5 years integrated LLB course. Respective State government certain age relaxation for SC, ST and OBC category.

3. Higher Judicial Service 

The Higher Judicial Service Examination is conducted to promote Civil Judge to District Judges or appoint Advocates as District Judges. For promotion, the eligibility rely for minimum practice of 7 years at the trial court level as an advocate or served as Civil Judge post for more than 5 years. Candidates must be within age bracket of 35-45 years. 

How to become a High Court Judge?

To appoint as an High Court Judge. The candidate must be citizen of India and have a law degree from recognised university. The candidate must served as advocates for 10 years in High Court or held a Judicial office for 10 years in India. 

How to become a Supreme Court Judge? 

The candidate must hold a Judicial office in High court for minimum 5 years or practice as a high court advocate for minimum period of 10 years. The Supreme Court Judge are appointed by the state government or upon recommendation of commission. The criteria to become a Supreme Court Judge based on legal competency, integrity, age and other qualifications.

Salary and perks after becoming a Judge in India.

1. Salary: the Chief Justice of India receives salary of around INR 2.8 lakhs per month, while other judge receive INR 2.50 lakhs per month(as per 7th pay commission) 

2. Perks and allowance : the Judges of India are entitle to allowance like dearness allowance, travelling allowance, home allowance and many medical facilities

3. Pension : Retired Judge's are given pension based on their last drawn salary. 

4. Other benefits: Judge also receive security protocol to maintain their independence and dignity. 

Tips to Enhance CV

Why CV is a important kickstart in your career? Know it all 

The meaning of CV is circulum vitae.  The first most important steps to  kickstart professional growth is CV.  Do not mistake, if you put vague information in Cv or resume, thinking this will end up with you selection.

Indeed no. It is crucial to lay out details of the professional stuffs in a articulate manner. It is a summary of skills, experience and qualification and a first instance to introduce yourself to a potential employer. It shows the employer why you are a great candidate. 

It is important to give more emphasis on creating Tailor CV. Thus acoordingly, customize CV to each role, so you stand out from crowd. A well crafted cv will definitely end up in interview. 

Highlights skills and experience 

In CV, you should clearly show the potential employer that what professional knowledge, experience, skills and qualification you have. Since employer's receive the large number of CV it is difficult to give thorough scan. Idealy, it is believe that recruiter has only 7 seconds to view CV. In those 7 seconds you need to win the heart of recruiter.

Make your CV sorted, highlight important information only, use bullets points or short paragraph of your previous experience. For freshers it is equally important to highlight the programme,  projects, co-circular activity and responsibility you hold in your colleges or schools.

Outline values. 

Avoid posting too much responsibility in CV. Despite, mention 2-3 concrete things that you achieved from your former employer in each role. Mention things which gave more value to CV in your current job role. 

Draw Recruiter attention 

Highlight the most important information on the top page of CV. Use proper layout, colours,  professional statement, which tells employer that why you are a great fit for the role.

Align a cover letter 

Make a customise cover letter along with CV in order to show the recruiter that why you are the right person. Research the company know what recruiter is actually looking for. It is always suggested to edit your CV and cover letter each time when you send it. Do not blindly, copy paste the cover letter, as it put off the recruiter interest in you.

Because your cover letter has a chance to highlight the skills, experience and professional qualification which may be miss out by recruiter interest reading your CV. Utilise cover letter effectively to impress recruiter. 

Land up in interview.

CV is the first important step in recruitment process. If it's not well crafted, chances are less to unlikely for you to get further. If you do it right, then there are high chances of interview with recruiter based upon the information the learned about you from CV. 

Things to include in CV.

Important things you must cover in CV

1. Your name and contact details 

2. Your previous work experience 

3. Your qualification education 

4. Your relevant skills 

5. Other information it is not obligatory but you can choose to put up such as Membership of any professional bodies field like doctor, CA etc. if they are relevant then only. 

6. Any awards 

7. Your hobbies and interests.

Give a final proofread before sending to recruiter.

The first thing recruiter will notice is the layout of your CV that's why presentation in your CV is crucial important. Such as contact details at the top because it is easy for them to notice easily and will give less importance things like hobbies and interest which should be at the bottom of the page. 

Carefully choose the font size give increase professional essence like Aerial or Time's New Roman. 

Look for examples of CV in your industry. Simply do a Google search then and overview similar CV. This will help you to select the layout design and vocabulary people tend to use. The information they decide to be on top.

Be concise.

Always remember recruiter has only few or less minutes to look at each CV. Rightly put things in concise manner and put words which highlight that you are the best person for the job. 

Proofread.

Give a thorough proof reading before sending it to recruiter. Do multiple revision and remove unnecessary details attached in CV. Check out grammar, font size and layout, and design a proper presentation of your CV.