What is Patent? and Types

What is a Patent?

Patents are the rights given over invention. Those inventions are regarded as a "Patent", and act as legal protection for inventors. However, the patents are for the benefit of society by providing public access for technical information. The patents can be granted in any field of technology from small kitchen utensils to micro chips. The invention can be chemical compound or process or specific chemical compound. For example one product can have many inventions in laptop such as microchip, software, hardware parts, and other thousand of inventions working togther.

What is patent is necessary to protect inventions?

The patent onwer enjoy exclusive ownership right to stop from other exploiting the invention from a limited period of time in a particular country or region where patent is granted. In simple terms, invention made by owners cannot be used without owners consent. If anyone found to be using patented invention without consent, thus the owner can seek the infringemnet and sought remedies from court. 

Why you need to protect inventions with patent? 

Patent owner receive's right to prevent others from exploiting the patented invention for a limited time period within the country or a region in which the patent is granted. In a nutshell, the invention cannot be commercially made, imported, sold trade, distributed by others without having the consent of patent owner's. If any third party do such a without the consent of patent owner, the patent owner can seek remedies for patent infringement. 

How to protect patent in several countries with single application?

The Patent Cooperation Treaty helps applicants seeking protection internalionally, and patent offices grant decisions, provide abundance of knowlegde to information for public access relating to inventions. With one international application you avail proetction with large number of countries.

How to protect inventions through patents? 

To obtain patent, the application of patent must be filled within a national or a regional intellectual property office. This process have several steps such as filling patent application, disclosure of information, cost, objection to patent, search for patent, examination fees, and final grant of patent. 

One invention can be protected in multiple countries depending on financial capacity of inventors. 

Types of Patent

A. Utility patent: patent is issued for protection to people who invented new process or process or something useful of article of manufacture, machine or composition of matters. Utility patent is granted for 20 years from the date of filing. 

B. Design Patents : the patent is issued for new, original and ornamental designs of manufactured products. The design patent is granted for 15 years from the date of application. 

C. Plant Patents :  The plant patent is issued whoever produce, discover and invent a new plant which is capable of reproduction. The patent is granted for 20 years from the date of filing.

Examples of patent 

Steve Job was the first who applied for personal computer patent in 1980. 

King C Gillette patented the razor in 1904. 

Farnsworth had created first electric television and patent was issued in 1930. 

Telephone, dishwasher, light bulb,  personal computer, Google medical response drone, and Disney human action robots are the historic examples of patented inventions.

What is the cost of filing for patent? 

Generally the patent cost according to the type of patent applied for and is based on various factors such type of applicant, provisional or non provisional status, filling fees,  search fees, examination fees, post allowance fees, cost of patent agent or attorney. The total cost for patent filling may range between USD 5000 to USD 45000 or more. 

Term of a patent. The utility and plant patents are granted for the period of 20 years from the date of filing. While the design patent only last for 15 years from the date of filing.

How to become Judge in India?

This article outlines the detail details of how to become a Judge in India. 

Many young professional is esteemed to become a Judge once in a lifetime. The law aspirant desires to become a one day Judge as it offers a very prestigious and reputable. Judge is a person who presides in the court and listen to both the defendants and plaintiffs. After hearing both facts and evidences, Judge proceed with verdict. Once the judgment is passed by Judges, the decision is binding on both sides. However parties can appeal to higher authority if unsatisfied with decision.

What work judge do in actual? 

Primarily, the foremost duty of Judge to make sure conduct of court proceedings in fair manner in accordance with law. Along with this Judge has to interpret laws, look over evidences, pass order or Judgments, decision, and delivering final Judgments or sentences.

The burden rely on Judge to make maintenance of law and order in courtroom, trials and solve dispute between the parties. 

Step by Step guide to become a Judge in India.

1. Get a bachelors degree

To become a Judge aspirants need to have bachelor degree from recognised university from UGC. 

Enroll in law school enter either  into 3 years or 5 years course. 

Some reputated college National Law school conduct law entrance test such as CLAT. (Common Law Admission Test).

Candidates appearing for Judge need to complete LLB degree.

2. Judicial Service Examination 

 Candidates appearing for Judicial Service Examination conducted by respective State Public Service Comission or High Court of the State. The exam is conducted for the post of Civil Judge in State. The Judiciary exam includes preliminary and mains written exams followed by interview. Mostly, the preliminary is objective type questions and mains exam has descriptive writing questions. 

Candidates who qualify for preliminary exam are called for mains exam, and who cleared both prelims and mains are called for interview. 

Eligibility criteria.

The aspirant must be within the age bracket of 21-35 years and completed 3 years or 5 years integrated LLB course. Respective State government certain age relaxation for SC, ST and OBC category.

3. Higher Judicial Service 

The Higher Judicial Service Examination is conducted to promote Civil Judge to District Judges or appoint Advocates as District Judges. For promotion, the eligibility rely for minimum practice of 7 years at the trial court level as an advocate or served as Civil Judge post for more than 5 years. Candidates must be within age bracket of 35-45 years. 

How to become a High Court Judge?

To appoint as an High Court Judge. The candidate must be citizen of India and have a law degree from recognised university. The candidate must served as advocates for 10 years in High Court or held a Judicial office for 10 years in India. 

How to become a Supreme Court Judge? 

The candidate must hold a Judicial office in High court for minimum 5 years or practice as a high court advocate for minimum period of 10 years. The Supreme Court Judge are appointed by the state government or upon recommendation of commission. The criteria to become a Supreme Court Judge based on legal competency, integrity, age and other qualifications.

Salary and perks after becoming a Judge in India.

1. Salary: the Chief Justice of India receives salary of around INR 2.8 lakhs per month, while other judge receive INR 2.50 lakhs per month(as per 7th pay commission) 

2. Perks and allowance : the Judges of India are entitle to allowance like dearness allowance, travelling allowance, home allowance and many medical facilities

3. Pension : Retired Judge's are given pension based on their last drawn salary. 

4. Other benefits: Judge also receive security protocol to maintain their independence and dignity. 

Tips to Enhance CV

Why CV is a important kickstart in your career? Know it all 

The meaning of CV is circulum vitae.  The first most important steps to  kickstart professional growth is CV.  Do not mistake, if you put vague information in Cv or resume, thinking this will end up with you selection.

Indeed no. It is crucial to lay out details of the professional stuffs in a articulate manner. It is a summary of skills, experience and qualification and a first instance to introduce yourself to a potential employer. It shows the employer why you are a great candidate. 

It is important to give more emphasis on creating Tailor CV. Thus acoordingly, customize CV to each role, so you stand out from crowd. A well crafted cv will definitely end up in interview. 

Highlights skills and experience 

In CV, you should clearly show the potential employer that what professional knowledge, experience, skills and qualification you have. Since employer's receive the large number of CV it is difficult to give thorough scan. Idealy, it is believe that recruiter has only 7 seconds to view CV. In those 7 seconds you need to win the heart of recruiter.

Make your CV sorted, highlight important information only, use bullets points or short paragraph of your previous experience. For freshers it is equally important to highlight the programme,  projects, co-circular activity and responsibility you hold in your colleges or schools.

Outline values. 

Avoid posting too much responsibility in CV. Despite, mention 2-3 concrete things that you achieved from your former employer in each role. Mention things which gave more value to CV in your current job role. 

Draw Recruiter attention 

Highlight the most important information on the top page of CV. Use proper layout, colours,  professional statement, which tells employer that why you are a great fit for the role.

Align a cover letter 

Make a customise cover letter along with CV in order to show the recruiter that why you are the right person. Research the company know what recruiter is actually looking for. It is always suggested to edit your CV and cover letter each time when you send it. Do not blindly, copy paste the cover letter, as it put off the recruiter interest in you.

Because your cover letter has a chance to highlight the skills, experience and professional qualification which may be miss out by recruiter interest reading your CV. Utilise cover letter effectively to impress recruiter. 

Land up in interview.

CV is the first important step in recruitment process. If it's not well crafted, chances are less to unlikely for you to get further. If you do it right, then there are high chances of interview with recruiter based upon the information the learned about you from CV. 

Things to include in CV.

Important things you must cover in CV

1. Your name and contact details 

2. Your previous work experience 

3. Your qualification education 

4. Your relevant skills 

5. Other information it is not obligatory but you can choose to put up such as Membership of any professional bodies field like doctor, CA etc. if they are relevant then only. 

6. Any awards 

7. Your hobbies and interests.

Give a final proofread before sending to recruiter.

The first thing recruiter will notice is the layout of your CV that's why presentation in your CV is crucial important. Such as contact details at the top because it is easy for them to notice easily and will give less importance things like hobbies and interest which should be at the bottom of the page. 

Carefully choose the font size give increase professional essence like Aerial or Time's New Roman. 

Look for examples of CV in your industry. Simply do a Google search then and overview similar CV. This will help you to select the layout design and vocabulary people tend to use. The information they decide to be on top.

Be concise.

Always remember recruiter has only few or less minutes to look at each CV. Rightly put things in concise manner and put words which highlight that you are the best person for the job. 

Proofread.

Give a thorough proof reading before sending it to recruiter. Do multiple revision and remove unnecessary details attached in CV. Check out grammar, font size and layout, and design a proper presentation of your CV.

How to start your career in law? Step by Step Guide

How to start your career in law?

Step by step guide 

1. Firstly, examine your area of interest such as banking law, finance law, criminal law, civil, cyber, etc. 

Analyse the course details whether it fits your interest. Subsequently, select which institute provide your respective course that you chose. 

2. Enquire on whether the choosen course offer some relative placement in college. 

3. If you wish to pursue government jobs in legal profession. Gather information on officials website of government. Check, they published any legal vacancy job role such as legal officer or judge. 

Refer private companies job career Portal as well.Suppose, you want a job as legal counsel in Jio reliance company. Regularly check their official website and apply frequently.

Apart from college placement you must build your profile on job portals like LinkedIn, Indeed, and Glassdoor.

To enhance your candidature.

4. Apply to internship in college programs which act as a accomplishments in your CV.

While pursuing the college degree, hit apply on various internship either refer by college authority or work under law firms and companies. 

5. Participate in legal programme like moot court, legal awareness from time to time. This outshine your cv and make stand different from among competitors. 

Top 10 lawyers of India

Top 10 lawyers of India

The highest-paid renowned lawyers of all times who charged heavy amount for a single appearances in the court.

You might have lots of reason to hier top lawyer. As a seasond professional understands deeply legal complexities, or they simplify the legal complex issues into precise layman language. This is one reason the people approach the top lawyer. 

Surprisingly, it is fascinating to know that India has a bunch of qualified lawyers and many reputed senior lawyers.  

Some lawyer may charge INR Rs.1 to represent the India in Kulbhushan Jadhav case at International Court of Justice none other than Harish Salve. Besides, there exist some lawyers who charge lakhs of rupees from clients.

Why you should always choose a good lawyer?

To designate a strong case in court; a lawyer navigate, acknowledge and study complex legal systems to protect your right and excavate deeply delve into legal loop holes. 

A good lawyer knows how to speculate the case by digging deeply and able to spot weaknesses in the prosecution case and possess the ability to build a strong defence. Experienced good lawyer get accustomed with the working of court system, curate clients the best version in case.

1. Harish Salve 

He is the most reputed and senior advocate in Supreme Court of India. You would be surprise to know that Mr. Salve has charged Rs.1/- only in the famous Kulbhushan Jadhav case represented the country India at International Court of Justice. In year 2020, he was appointed as Kings Counsel for the courts of England and Wales

The famous high profile preceeded by him Minerva Mills case, Vodafone 2.5 billion tax dispute with the Indian government, Aarushi Hemraj double murder case. On Mulitple occasions he appeared for large companies such as Reliance Industries, Tata group, ITC limited; he appeared on behalf of Ratan Tata.  He represented celebrities like Salman Khan in hit and run case. 

His fees range between Rs.12 lakhs to 15 lakhs.

2. K. Parasaran 

He is the famous eminent lawyer and senior advocate in the Supreme Court of India. He served Indian  government such as Advocate General of Tamil Nadu in 1976,  Solicitor General of India and Attorney General of India between 1983 and 1989 until the end of Rajiv Gandhi's tenure. 

His most celebrated cases are Sabrimala temple entry ban case, Ayodhya land dispute case, Indira Sawhney case, SR Bombai case and so on. His fees range between 10 to 12 lakhs.

3. Abhishek Singhvi 

Abhishek Singhvi is renowned popular senior advocate in the Supreme Court of India and Politician. He is a member of Indian National Congress (INC) and a member of parliament representing Telangana in the Rajya Sabha. He served  Indian government on various occasions in July 2011, he consulted as  Committee Member for the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA),  and Chairman of Standing Committee for Commerce. On 27th August 2024, Singhvi was re-elected to Rajya Sabha from Telangana. His fees range between 6 to 10 lakhs.

4. Ram Jeth Malani 

He was great admirer for young generation lawyers, most respected & reputed lawyer in whole legal fraternity.

He pursued his LLB degree from Government law College Mumbai at the age of 17. Jethmalani was well-versed and have good expertise in both criminal and civil laws. His per hearing fee was amongst  the highest Rs. 25 lakhs. 

He was a law professor, jursit, philanthropist and politician. He served as Indian Government as Union Minister of Law and Justice, Chairman of Indian Bar Council and  President of Supreme Court Bar Association. He handled high profile cases such as Harshad Mehta case, Jessica Lal murder case, Subrata Roy Sahara case, 2G spectrum, Asaram bapu, and Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy CBI case annd list goes on.

People will always remember  his legacy and how he has transformed legal ecosystem. 

5. Gopal Subramanium 

Gopal Subramanium is an Indian lawyer International Arbitrator, academic and senior advocate practices, primarily, in Supreme Court of India and Delhi High court.

He served the Indian government as the Solicitor General of India during in year 2019 and 2011. He was a Additional Solicitor General of India from 2005 to 2009 and Chairman of the Bar Council of India 2010 to 2011. His fees range between 7 to 15 lakhs.

The notable cases headed by him were Ajmal Kasab acting as a special public prosecutor during 2008 Mumbai attacks, appeared as a lead council for government of India in 2010 and 2011, and 2G radio spectrum bandwith case.

6. Mukul Rohatgi

He is the prominent senior lawyer practicing in India Supreme Court. Known for his strong analytical debating skill and confidence. He also served to the Indian government as 14th attorney general of India. He worked on several high profile cases such as the Zahira Shaikh and best bakery. His fee range between 2 to 5 lakhs.

7. Ashok Desai 

He was a Indian lawyer and senior advocate in Supreme Court of India. He served as the office of Attorney General of India from 1996 to 1998. Appeared for several high profile cases in Bombay High court and supreme court.

He intrigued notable case that empower public life and transparency in governance such as sakaram binder strucking down the relevant provisions of the act pre-censorship act of dramatic performance. 

During his lifetime he received numerous nominal award such as Padma Bhushan, Capital Foundation National Award, Golden Anniversary Rotary Price. His fees range between 5 to 12 lakhs.

8. K.K. Venugopal 

He is prominently known for Indian Constitutional lawyer and senior advocate in Supreme Court of India. He appeared for several politicians and handled high profile cases such as LK Advani in demolition of Babri masjid case, 2G spectrum case.

He served as Attorney General of India under the leadership of Narendra Modi in 2017. In his lifetime, he received several honorable recognition such as Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Lifetime Achievement Award from US India Business Council in 2012. His fee range between 5 to 8 lakhs.

9. K.T.S. Tulsi

He is a reputed senior lawyer,  politician and senior advocate in Supreme Court of India.

He served as additional solicitor general of India in year 1990. 

At many instances he represented Indian government in cases like constitutional validity terrorist and destructive cases related to assassination of Rajiv Gandhi former prime minister of India. 

Represented Sonia Gandhi's son in law Robert Wadra in land disputes in Wadra-DLF land case, and Gujarat government in Sohrabuddin  encounter case.

In 2014 February, he was nominated as a member of Rajya Sabha of parliament on the advice of Congress UP Government. In 2020, he was re-elected to Rajya Sabha from Chhattisgarh unopposed.

His fees range between 5 to 12 lakhs.

10. Soli Sorabjee

He was a eminent Indian lawyer and senior advocate of Supreme Court of India.

He blended his legal expertise in civil and constitutional laws.

He was appointed as a Attorney General of India in the year1989. Handled several high profile cases and assisted his senior lawyer Fali Nariman in cases Keshav Nanda Bharti v. union of India, SR Bombai v. union of India, and Shreya Singhal v. union of India.

 

His fee range between 10 to 15 lakh. Has received several awards Padma Vibhushan. Authored several books- Nani Palkhivala The Courtroom Genius, Republic of Rhetoric: Free Speech and the Constitution of India (2017), and Book Down Memory lane By Soli J. Sorabjee.